Introduction

=An Introduction to Terrorism=

Video of 9/11 terror
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__Definition of Terrorism__
Generally, terror means terrorism. Terror accompanies menace, violence or killing. Therefore, the words such as terror, terrorism or terrorist make fear or dread. There are many different definition of terrorism by different view or sight. According to different point of view, one event can be interpreted as terror, accident or patriotic action. So it is hard to expect exactly perfect definition of terrorism, researchers who research terrorism explain terror according to their own opinion. For example, England government regards IRA (Irish Republican Army) as terrorist organizations and workers as terrorists but countries which are related to IRA regards action of IRA as national liberation movement and workers as freedom fighter. Even case of U.S.A, their ministry ’ s each definition is different. The State Department defines terrorism as “ Terrorism is political violence to normal people for exercising their influence over many masses by terrorists. However CIA said “ Terrorism is opposing against existing government by extensive mental impact on people. These examples prove making definition of terrorism is hard. But without definition of terrorism, study about terrorism is impossible and also establishing policy of counter-terrorism. Anyway, existence or nonexistence of political purpose is the most important thing when scholars give a definition of terrorism. However terrorism which is happened recently has several kinds of purpose. For example, Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) used terrorism for liberation campaign but regional conflict can be the reason of terrorism. As a result, considering these things, the main definition of terrorism is this. “ Terrorism creates a fear atmosphere with violence or threat by specific country or organization for political, social, regional or economic purpose. Also it causes individual, group or society ’ s recognition changed and induces change of policy. ”

__The aims of terrorism__
What can be the most important terrorism recently? Maybe many people answered “9.11” terrorism. Actually this happening causes fear and scare to everyone, it changed passage of time of world history. According to this reason, many people criticize al-Qaida. However, they don’t know something. No one knows why they did enormous terror and what happened in the world until al-Qaida’s terror. Although al-Qaida’s behavior cannot be justified, there is the reason which is about America ’s cruel act. For example, we can see America ’s cruel act in Korea ’s history.  During the 1950’s Korean War, there are so many cruel slaughters of the innocent people (For instance, NogeunLee which is one village in Korea , after the Korean War, there were slaughters of the innocent 300 people who was hiding their bodies from armies. At that time, the U.S. Armed Forces got order that regard refugees as enemies. Although after that happening, America  made amends to them for compensation; it was terrible event in Korea ’s history.) by U.S.  Armed Forces. Also political terrorism which is murdering superior event was happened. Kim Ku who is very influential on political circles was murdered by workers required of Counterintelligence Corps (CIC). Though no proof was found, there was intervene of CIC; that is most people’s opinion. Despite of these problems, we regard U.S as the savior. Can it be so? Did they bleed for our country?  After “9.11” terrorism, the Bush administration rationalized unilateral foreign policy for counter-terrorism and they made a puppet of weak nation with military strength. Therefore, the Iraq War is happened. Eventually, <span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: KO; mso-fareast-font-family: 바탕;">America <span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: KO; mso-fareast-font-family: 바탕;"> was isolated from international society. I believe that most of terror organizations want to communicate <span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: KO; mso-fareast-font-family: 바탕;">America <span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: KO; mso-fareast-font-family: 바탕;">’s cruel behavior and abusing their power to the community of nations. <span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: KO; mso-fareast-font-family: 바탕;"> In spite of they brought about the Iraq War and they caused death of innocent people, they are proud of their behavior which is free vote enforced in <span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: KO; mso-fareast-font-family: 바탕;">Iraq <span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: KO; mso-fareast-font-family: 바탕;">. Probably, if we see <span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: KO; mso-fareast-font-family: 바탕;">America <span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: KO; mso-fareast-font-family: 바탕;">’s behavior that support a dictatorial government just for their profits and destroy democratic government, the terrorists’ act can be natural reaction. "When two airplanes hit World Trade Center"

__ **Who are the terrorists** __ <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Gulim','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-language: KO;">After in 1968, the number of organizations which is related to terrorism is 220. They strengthen their ability through correlation and co-operation. If their ideology and purpose are satisfied between those countries, they help each other. <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Gulim','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-language: KO; mso-bidi-font-family: Gulim;"> 1)  **__<span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Gulim','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-language: KO;">Islamic organizations of terrorism __**<span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Gulim','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-language: KO;">: Al al Islam that means Islamic Holy War Jihad is <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #333333; font-family: 'Gulim','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Shi`ah <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Gulim','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-language: KO;">violence organization. It is supported by Islam government and its identity is not clear. They started their conduct after in 1983. They attacked the U.S. Embassy in Beirut and killed 63 people. In 1983 October, they terrorized U.S. marine and French Army in Lebanon at the same time. Because of this terror, 299 people were killed and injured. <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Gulim','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-language: KO; mso-bidi-font-family: Gulim;"> 2)  **__<span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Gulim','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-language: KO;">European organizations of terrorism __**<span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Gulim','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-language: KO;">: First of all, IRA (Irish Republican Army) is organized for independence movement in 1910. In 1969, during dispute of Northern Ireland, it is divided as extremists and moderates. The organization which terrorizes until a recent day is extremists. They behave murder, fire prevention or explosion against British Army. The second organization is RZ (Revolutionary Cells) which was against U.S. Army’s stationing in West Germany. This group did bombing on American library nearby West Germany. <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Gulim','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-language: KO; mso-bidi-font-family: Gulim;"> 3)   **__<span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Gulim','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-language: KO;">Terrorism organization of Separatists movement __****<span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Gulim','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-language: KO;">: **<span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Gulim','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-language: KO;"> Between France and Spain, there are ETA, Group of Basque Separatists and Iraultza. Their purpose is independence from Spain and found Basque socialism country. <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Gulim','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-language: KO; mso-bidi-font-family: Gulim;"> 4)  **__<span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Gulim','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-language: KO;">Other terrorism Organizations: __**<span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Gulim','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-language: KO;"> Except on those terrorism organizations, many widely known terrorism groups exist. Representative groups lists; Action Direct Group in France, M-15(May 15 Organization) in Palestine, Mujaheddin in Afghanistan, Turkey’s TPLA(Turkish People’s Liberation Army), M-19(April 19 Movement) in Columbia, Baadermeinhof Gang in Germany, Brigate Rosse in Italy, JRA(Japanese Red Army)in Japan and so on. Osama Bin laden

__ How terrorists work __
Terrorism is noticed as ignoring the rules of lawful political violence, at the first, by refusing to respect the distinction between warring nation and citizens, and second, by using methods that shouldn’t be employed. For instance, hijacking airliners or killing hostage. It can be mentioned to violate standard rule of jus in bello, specifically, the principles of discrimination and legal means. Terror is seen as reprehensible as it employs illegal means against those who must be immune from political threat. (http://www.niu.edu/phil/~kapitan/'Terrorism'%20as%20a%20method%20of%20terrorism.pdf) Nowadays, types of terrorism attack can be divided by three examples. Most classical method is bombing. Bombing is used for a long time and many organizations can produce and purchase bombs. Therefore bombing is used almost time when terrorists attack. The second is hijacking which is robbing airplane. ”9.11” terrorism is also hijacking. Two airplanes hit World Trade Center and they could inform their purpose effectively. The last one is hostage seizures. Many people are kidnapped and abused for terrorists’ purpose and plan. Also there were many Koreans in kidnapped people lists.